Abstract:
William R. Adams and James W. Cortada
The significance of the Teller Amendment of the declaration of war launching the Spanish-American War is overlooked. It thwarted annexation of Cuba by the U.S., granting Cuba independence denied to the Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Senator Teller proposed the amendment in 1898 as debate over a potential U.S. intervention in Cuba flourished, siding with the Populists. An idealist explanation would conclude that this amendment was a gesture of good will and mercy. Yielding to this explanation conceals other factors that determined the vote. There was a fear among Congress of a European reaction to the U.S. intervention in Cuba since several European states expressed doubts regarding U.S. intentions. Representatives of the domestic sugar beet industry lobbied against annexation to maintain tariffs on competing Cuban sugar. Senator Teller sought approval from the Silverites, who were interested garnering Populist support by subscribing to Teller’s amendment. Many former proponents of annexation in Congress voted for the amendment, not due to emotional and idealistic support for Cuban freedom but due to practical considerations.
Keywords: Teller Amendment, Cuba, Spanish-American War
