Volume XXV – Number 1
Robert D. Wood
Abstract: Using coalition theory to frame its analysis, this article argues that the Soviet military’s influence in major decision making within the government was negatively impacted by the inclusion of diverse institutions in the decision making process. It also examines how Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and Gorbachev were constricted by coalition dynamics. Stalin structured the economy to be geared towards satisfying the needs of heavy industry and the military. Following Stalin’s death, the Soviet Union, under Khrushchev and Brezhnev, attempted to reform the system and implement a coalition system of rule which involved the inclusion of diverse institutions. As a result, a Soviet style “checks and balances” was put in place. While the military did not have direct policy influence over a broad range of issues, it did have direct policy influence in the strategic-technical area and so advised the government to continue substantial funding for advanced weaponry for the expansion of communism. Officials understood that reform of the status quo was a danger to coalition stability and thus never acted on amending it, which allowed the military-industrial complex’s continued existence. Not until Gorbachev came to power did the Soviet model begin to de-emphasize the military’s role in the ruling coalition. Under Gorbachev, the Soviets began to reduce military funding given the changing security environment, thus signaling the depreciation of Soviet military influence in policy decisions.
Keywords: Soviet, Stalin, Gorbachev, Military, Khrushchev, Brezhnev
